{"id":20120,"date":"2024-05-23T07:58:04","date_gmt":"2024-05-22T23:58:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/?p=20120"},"modified":"2025-07-15T13:33:01","modified_gmt":"2025-07-15T05:33:01","slug":"climb-milling-and-conventional-milling","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/pt\/guides\/climb-milling-and-conventional-milling\/","title":{"rendered":"Sele\u00e7\u00e3o de fresagem escalonada e fresagem convencional na maquinagem CNC"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>No processo de fresagem das m\u00e1quinas CNC, a sele\u00e7\u00e3o entre a fresagem por escalada e a fresagem convencional \u00e9 uma quest\u00e3o t\u00e9cnica importante que afecta grandemente a precis\u00e3o e a qualidade da superf\u00edcie das pe\u00e7as.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-definition-of-climb-milling-and-conventional-milling\">Defini\u00e7\u00e3o de Fresagem por escalonamento e Fresagem convencional<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Com base na posi\u00e7\u00e3o relativa da fresa e na dire\u00e7\u00e3o de alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da pe\u00e7a de trabalho, o processo de fresagem divide-se em dois tipos: fresagem ascendente e fresagem convencional. A partir da dire\u00e7\u00e3o de alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da pe\u00e7a de trabalho, quando a fresa se encontra no lado esquerdo da pe\u00e7a de trabalho, designa-se por fresagem ascendente. Quando a fresa se encontra no lado direito da pe\u00e7a de trabalho, designa-se por fresagem convencional ou fresagem descendente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Up-milling-and-down-milling-climb-milling-and-conventional-milling.webp\" alt=\"Fresagem ascendente e descendente Fresagem ascendente e fresagem convencional\" class=\"wp-image-20122\" srcset=\"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Up-milling-and-down-milling-climb-milling-and-conventional-milling.webp 1000w, https:\/\/firstmold.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Up-milling-and-down-milling-climb-milling-and-conventional-milling-300x210.webp 300w, https:\/\/firstmold.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Up-milling-and-down-milling-climb-milling-and-conventional-milling-768x538.webp 768w, https:\/\/firstmold.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Up-milling-and-down-milling-climb-milling-and-conventional-milling-18x12.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fresagem de trepadeiras<\/strong>: No in\u00edcio, a espessura da apara \u00e9 m\u00e1xima e diminui \u00e0 medida que o corte avan\u00e7a. Isto resulta numa deforma\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00ednima da apara e numa for\u00e7a de corte dirigida para a pe\u00e7a de trabalho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fresagem convencional<\/strong>: No in\u00edcio, a espessura da apara \u00e9 nula e aumenta at\u00e9 ao seu m\u00e1ximo no final do corte. Este processo inclui um efeito de polimento, com a for\u00e7a de corte a ter tend\u00eancia para levantar a pe\u00e7a (tendo tend\u00eancia para levantar a pe\u00e7a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-analysis-of-up-milling-and-down-milling-processes-in-cnc-machining\">An\u00e1lise dos processos de fresagem ascendente e descendente na maquinagem CNC<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-1-characteristics-of-climb-milling\">1. Caracter\u00edsticas da fresagem trepadora<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advantages-of-climb-milling\">Vantagens da Fresagem por Escalonamento:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A espessura da apara varia entre o m\u00e1ximo e o zero, evitando o deslizamento da ferramenta e prolongando a sua vida \u00fatil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Produz um melhor acabamento superficial.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A for\u00e7a de fresagem vertical \u00e9 sempre pressionada na dire\u00e7\u00e3o da mesa de trabalho, aumentando a fiabilidade do posicionamento e da fixa\u00e7\u00e3o da pe\u00e7a de trabalho.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Menor consumo de energia durante a maquinagem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-disadvantages-of-climb-milling\">Desvantagens da Fresagem em Escalada:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>N\u00e3o \u00e9 adequado para fresar pe\u00e7as com superf\u00edcies duras.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Se houver folga entre o parafuso de avan\u00e7o e a porca, o parafuso de avan\u00e7o pode vibrar durante a maquinagem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-2-characteristics-of-conventional-milling\">2. Caracter\u00edsticas da fresagem convencional<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-disadvantages-of-conventional-milling\">Desvantagens da fresagem convencional:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A espessura da apara varia entre zero e o m\u00e1ximo, fazendo com que a ferramenta deslize sobre a superf\u00edcie da pe\u00e7a de trabalho antes de cortar o metal. Isto gera uma elevada fric\u00e7\u00e3o e calor, potencialmente formando uma camada endurecida, reduzindo a durabilidade da ferramenta e afectando a qualidade da superf\u00edcie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A for\u00e7a de fresagem vertical ascendente tende a levantar e desestabilizar a pe\u00e7a de trabalho.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maior consumo de energia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-advantages-of-conventional-milling\">Vantagens da fresagem convencional:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Adequado para fresar pe\u00e7as com superf\u00edcies duras.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u00e3o h\u00e1 vibra\u00e7\u00e3o no mecanismo de alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o da mesa de trabalho, apesar da presen\u00e7a de folga.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-3-stress-analysis-of-tools-in-climb-and-conventional-milling\">3. An\u00e1lise de tens\u00f5es em ferramentas de fresagem trepante e convencional<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Na fresagem em subida, a for\u00e7a da pe\u00e7a sobre a ferramenta \u00e9 tal que empurra a ferramenta na dire\u00e7\u00e3o da pe\u00e7a. Na fresagem convencional, a for\u00e7a tende a levantar a ferramenta para longe da pe\u00e7a de trabalho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Analysis-of-Tool-Forces-During-Milling.webp\" alt=\"An\u00e1lise das for\u00e7as da ferramenta durante a fresagem\" class=\"wp-image-20123\" srcset=\"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Analysis-of-Tool-Forces-During-Milling.webp 1000w, https:\/\/firstmold.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Analysis-of-Tool-Forces-During-Milling-300x120.webp 300w, https:\/\/firstmold.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Analysis-of-Tool-Forces-During-Milling-768x307.webp 768w, https:\/\/firstmold.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Analysis-of-Tool-Forces-During-Milling-18x7.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">An\u00e1lise das for\u00e7as da ferramenta durante a fresagem<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e1lise de sele\u00e7\u00e3o da fresagem escalonada e da fresagem convencional na maquinagem CNC<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nas m\u00e1quinas CNC com accionamentos por fuso de esferas, a folga pode ser completamente eliminada atrav\u00e9s da pr\u00e9-carga. Em m\u00e1quinas CNC equipadas com mecanismos de fresagem ascendente, a fresagem ascendente \u00e9 preferida devido \u00e0 sua elevada durabilidade da ferramenta, boa qualidade de superf\u00edcie e baixo consumo de energia. No entanto, certas condi\u00e7\u00f5es especiais de corte podem exigir uma fresagem convencional. Por conseguinte, deve ser efectuada uma an\u00e1lise de correla\u00e7\u00e3o antes de selecionar os m\u00e9todos de fresagem ascendente ou convencional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nas fresadoras convencionais, devido \u00e0 folga lateral no conjunto do parafuso de avan\u00e7o e da porca, a fresagem convencional \u00e9 normalmente utilizada para evitar a desloca\u00e7\u00e3o da mesa de trabalho e garantir opera\u00e7\u00f5es de fresagem suaves. No entanto, para ligas de Al-Mg que requerem baixas quantidades de corte e alta qualidade de superf\u00edcie, pode ser utilizada a fresagem por escalada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-choice-of-milling-method-in-rough-machining\">Escolha do m\u00e9todo de fresagem na maquinagem em desbaste<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A superf\u00edcie exterior da pe\u00e7a em bruto \u00e9 geralmente mais dura e mais fr\u00e1gil do que o material do n\u00facleo, especialmente no caso de pe\u00e7as em bruto obtidas por corte por chama. Com velocidades elevadas da ferramenta (normalmente acima de 2000 r\/min) em centros de maquinagem, a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de fresagem convencional para maquinagem em desbaste pode fazer com que a aresta de corte saia subitamente da pe\u00e7a de trabalho, partindo as aparas abruptamente e transferindo as vibra\u00e7\u00f5es resultantes para a aresta de corte. Isto pode facilmente causar lascamento ou quebra da aresta de corte fr\u00e1gil nos centros de maquina\u00e7\u00e3o. Portanto, o fresamento escalonado \u00e9 adequado para usinagem de desbaste em centros de usinagem. As ferramentas especializadas de maquina\u00e7\u00e3o em desbaste para fresadoras convencionais s\u00e3o mais resistentes e funcionam a velocidades mais baixas, o que leva a uma separa\u00e7\u00e3o mais lenta das aparas e \u00e0 adequa\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 maquina\u00e7\u00e3o em desbaste convencional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Na maquinagem em desbaste, devido \u00e0 grande profundidade e largura de corte, a velocidade relativa entre a pe\u00e7a e a ferramenta aumenta na fresagem convencional, uma vez que a dire\u00e7\u00e3o de corte se op\u00f5e \u00e0 dire\u00e7\u00e3o de avan\u00e7o, aumentando a carga no fuso e nos motores de guia, causando um aumento da vibra\u00e7\u00e3o. Quando esta carga atinge um determinado n\u00edvel, pode acionar alarmes e paragens da m\u00e1quina. Sob as mesmas condi\u00e7\u00f5es, a fresagem convencional consome mais 10% a 20% de energia do que a fresagem ascendente. Assim, a fresagem ascendente \u00e9 adequada para maquina\u00e7\u00e3o em desbaste em centros de maquina\u00e7\u00e3o, enquanto a fresagem convencional \u00e9 adequada para maquina\u00e7\u00e3o em desbaste em m\u00e1quinas de fresagem convencionais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">An\u00e1lise de caso de maquinagem CNC<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Como mostra a figura abaixo, descreve um processo de maquina\u00e7\u00e3o em que a pe\u00e7a em bruto \u00e9 quadrada e a tarefa \u00e9 maquinar o contorno s\u00f3lido utilizando uma fresadora CNC. Com base na an\u00e1lise anterior, a fresagem ascendente \u00e9 prefer\u00edvel na maquina\u00e7\u00e3o CNC. Para esta pe\u00e7a, se a fresagem ascendente for utilizada, o percurso da ferramenta seria D \u2192 C \u2192 B \u2192 A. No entanto, na produ\u00e7\u00e3o real, ocorre frequentemente uma \"colis\u00e3o de ferramentas\". As raz\u00f5es para este fen\u00f3meno foram analisadas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"579\" src=\"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Selection-Analysis-of-Climb-Milling-and-Conventional-Milling-Case.webp\" alt=\"An\u00e1lise de sele\u00e7\u00e3o da fresagem por escalada e da fresagem convencional\" class=\"wp-image-20125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Selection-Analysis-of-Climb-Milling-and-Conventional-Milling-Case.webp 1000w, https:\/\/firstmold.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Selection-Analysis-of-Climb-Milling-and-Conventional-Milling-Case-300x174.webp 300w, https:\/\/firstmold.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Selection-Analysis-of-Climb-Milling-and-Conventional-Milling-Case-768x445.webp 768w, https:\/\/firstmold.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/Selection-Analysis-of-Climb-Milling-and-Conventional-Milling-Case-18x10.webp 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>1. Quando a ferramenta se desloca do ponto D para C e ao longo do arco, a ferramenta progride de D para C. Durante a maquinagem, o avan\u00e7o da ferramenta aumenta gradualmente de zero at\u00e9 que toda a periferia da ferramenta esteja engatada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2. No caso em que toda a periferia da ferramenta est\u00e1 engatada, esta parte \u00e9 uma fresagem escalonada, enquanto esta parte \u00e9 uma fresagem convencional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Para a parte da pe\u00e7a a cortar (representada por E), \u00e9 efectuada uma fresagem convencional. Durante a fresagem convencional, com base na an\u00e1lise anterior, a ferramenta tende a aproximar-se da pe\u00e7a de trabalho. Da mesma forma, a parte da pe\u00e7a a cortar (representada por E) tamb\u00e9m tende a aproximar-se da ferramenta com base nas caracter\u00edsticas da for\u00e7a e da for\u00e7a de rea\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>3. Quando a ferramenta continua a maquinar e a pe\u00e7a E est\u00e1 prestes a ser cortada, uma vez que E n\u00e3o est\u00e1 apoiada e tende a aproximar-se da ferramenta, no momento em que E \u00e9 cortada, E aproxima-se da ferramenta, provocando uma colis\u00e3o da ferramenta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Com base na an\u00e1lise abrangente acima, este processo n\u00e3o deve dar prioridade \u00e0 fresagem por escalada. Em vez disso, a fresagem convencional deve ser usada primeiro, deixando uma margem para maquina\u00e7\u00e3o (A \u2192 B \u2192 C \u2192 D), seguida da fresagem ascendente (D \u2192 C \u2192 B \u2192 A) para garantir que n\u00e3o h\u00e1 desgaste da ferramenta durante a maquina\u00e7\u00e3o e manter a qualidade da superf\u00edcie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-conclusion\">Conclus\u00e3o<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>O corte de metais \u00e9 um processo complexo que envolve intera\u00e7\u00f5es intrincadas entre <a href=\"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/pt\/tips\/types-of-cnc-tools\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>ferramentas de corte<\/strong><\/a> e materiais da pe\u00e7a de trabalho. Factores como par\u00e2metros de corte, materiais de ferramentas, \u00e2ngulos geom\u00e9tricos, <a href=\"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/pt\/guides\/jigs-and-fixtures\/\"><strong>equipamentos<\/strong><\/a>e os fluidos de corte influenciam o processo de corte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Em processos espec\u00edficos de maquina\u00e7\u00e3o CNC, diferentes m\u00e9todos de fresagem podem produzir resultados diferentes. Compreender as caracter\u00edsticas da subida e da fresagem convencional \u00e9 crucial para a maquina\u00e7\u00e3o e programa\u00e7\u00e3o CNC.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Investigar as diferen\u00e7as entre a fresagem por escalada e a fresagem convencional, e a sua sele\u00e7\u00e3o adequada durante o processo de maquina\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":20126,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[52],"class_list":["post-20120","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guides","tag-cnc-machining"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v22.3 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Climb Milling and Conventional 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