{"id":19517,"date":"2024-05-10T17:07:17","date_gmt":"2024-05-10T09:07:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/?p=19517"},"modified":"2025-07-15T13:33:10","modified_gmt":"2025-07-15T05:33:10","slug":"flow-marks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/pt\/tips\/flow-marks\/","title":{"rendered":"Dois tipos comuns de marcas de fluxo na moldagem por inje\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"

As marcas de fluxo (ou linhas de fluxo) s\u00e3o comuns defeitos na moldagem por inje\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/a>. S\u00e3o complexas e variadas, e hoje discutimos principalmente dois tipos comuns: marcas de fluxo de onda e marcas de jato.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se estiver interessado noutros defeitos de moldagem por inje\u00e7\u00e3o, clique na liga\u00e7\u00e3o abaixo para obter mais informa\u00e7\u00f5es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Compreender os diferentes defeitos de moldagem por inje\u00e7\u00e3o<\/th><\/tr>
Flash<\/strong><\/a><\/td>Tiro curto<\/strong><\/a><\/td>Marca de pia<\/strong><\/a><\/td>Deforma\u00e7\u00e3o\/Deforma\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/a><\/td>Marca de queimadura<\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Marca de Splay\/Risco de Prata<\/strong><\/a><\/td>Mancha escura\/mancha preta<\/strong><\/a><\/td>Marca de fluxo<\/strong><\/td>Bolha<\/strong><\/a><\/td>Linha de soldadura<\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr>
Diferen\u00e7a de cor\/Cor desigual<\/strong><\/a><\/td>Marca do pino ejetor<\/a><\/strong><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Defini\u00e7\u00e3o de marcas de fluxo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

A defini\u00e7\u00e3o de marcas de fluxo \u00e9 bastante ampla e pode ser geralmente considerada como padr\u00f5es irregulares na superf\u00edcie do produto causados por velocidades de fluxo irregulares do pl\u00e1stico fundido na cavidade do molde. Normalmente, as pessoas referem-se \u00e0s marcas de fluxo como fen\u00f3menos em que a superf\u00edcie da pe\u00e7a moldada produz padr\u00f5es ondulados conc\u00eantricos, em espiral ou em forma de nuvem, centrados em torno da porta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Como mostra o diagrama seguinte, com base na velocidade de inje\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/a> do pl\u00e1stico, podem ocorrer v\u00e1rios tipos de marcas de fluxo, incluindo marcas de fluxo ondulado e marcas de jato, que s\u00e3o o nosso foco principal hoje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Diferentes
Diferentes defeitos de marca de fluxo causados por diferentes velocidades de inje\u00e7\u00e3o<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Causas das marcas de fluxo das ondas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

As raz\u00f5es para as marcas de fluxo das ondas incluem principalmente:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Marcas<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. Pequena \u00e1rea de sec\u00e7\u00e3o transversal da comporta e do corredor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Se a \u00e1rea da sec\u00e7\u00e3o transversal da comporta e do corredor do molde for demasiado pequena, aumenta a resist\u00eancia ao enchimento, impedindo o fluxo suave da massa fundida e resultando em marcas onduladas. Para resolver este problema, \u00e9 aconselh\u00e1vel aumentar a \u00e1rea da sec\u00e7\u00e3o transversal da porta e do corredor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Conce\u00e7\u00e3o incorrecta dos po\u00e7os de \u00e1gua fria<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Se o material frio entrar na cavidade, pode produzir marcas onduladas. Por conseguinte, devem ser colocadas grandes armadilhas para a entrada de material frio nas extremidades dos corredores principais e secund\u00e1rios do molde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Conce\u00e7\u00e3o incorrecta do sistema de arrefecimento<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Se o sistema de arrefecimento do molde for mal concebido, resultando num arrefecimento desigual, pode causar marcas de ondula\u00e7\u00e3o. Neste caso, o projeto do sistema de arrefecimento deve ser reavaliado.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Conce\u00e7\u00e3o incorrecta da localiza\u00e7\u00e3o e forma do port\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Se a localiza\u00e7\u00e3o e a forma da porta n\u00e3o forem corretamente concebidas, quando a massa fundida passa de uma sec\u00e7\u00e3o estreita do canal para uma sec\u00e7\u00e3o maior da cavidade, pode facilmente gerar turbul\u00eancia, levando \u00e0 forma\u00e7\u00e3o de marcas onduladas. Por conseguinte, a porta deve ser concebida em sec\u00e7\u00f5es espessas ou diretamente na parede lateral, de prefer\u00eancia em forma de leque ou de filme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Gases vol\u00e1teis produzidos durante a plastifica\u00e7\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Alguns materiais pl\u00e1sticos, tais como o ABS ou outras resinas de copol\u00edmero, produzem gases vol\u00e1teis a altas temperaturas durante a plastifica\u00e7\u00e3o, causando marcas de fluxo ondulat\u00f3rio semelhantes a nuvens na superf\u00edcie das pe\u00e7as pl\u00e1sticas. Para resolver este problema, a temperatura de processamento pode ser adequadamente reduzida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Fraca fluidez<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Algumas resinas, como PC<\/strong><\/a>t\u00eam uma fraca fluidez. As resinas da mesma marca podem tamb\u00e9m diferir em termos de fluidez, e uma fraca fluidez \u00e9 frequentemente uma das principais causas das marcas de fluxo. Por conseguinte, devem ser utilizadas resinas com boa fluidez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Lubrificante insuficiente no material<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Se houver muito pouco lubrificante, a massa fundida tem pouca fluidez, levando a marcas de fluxo. Por conseguinte, a quantidade de aditivos lubrificantes deve ser aumentada de forma adequada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. O tempo de press\u00e3o de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 demasiado curto<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Se o tempo de press\u00e3o de manuten\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/a> for demasiado curto, \u00e9 prov\u00e1vel que apare\u00e7am marcas de fluxo na superf\u00edcie da pe\u00e7a de pl\u00e1stico. Isto pode ser resolvido aumentando o tempo de press\u00e3o de reten\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. A temperatura do molde \u00e9 demasiado baixa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Se o temperatura do molde<\/strong><\/a> for demasiado baixo, a massa fundida flui lentamente, originando marcas de fluxo. Para resolver este problema, reduza a quantidade de \u00e1gua de arrefecimento que entra e verifique se o sistema de aquecimento do molde est\u00e1 a funcionar corretamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Velocidade de inje\u00e7\u00e3o inadequada<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Se a velocidade de inje\u00e7\u00e3o for demasiado r\u00e1pida, a massa fundida flui muito rapidamente, causando turbul\u00eancia na cavidade e resultando em marcas de fluxo. Para resolver este problema, a velocidade de inje\u00e7\u00e3o pode ser reduzida de forma adequada ou pode ser utilizada uma inje\u00e7\u00e3o gradual lenta-r\u00e1pida-lenta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Se a velocidade de inje\u00e7\u00e3o for demasiado lenta, a massa fundida flui lentamente, causando refluxo e estagna\u00e7\u00e3o na cavidade, levando \u00e0 forma\u00e7\u00e3o de marcas de fluxo. Neste caso, a velocidade de inje\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser aumentada de forma adequada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solu\u00e7\u00f5es para marcas de fluxo de ondas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 Alterar as condi\u00e7\u00f5es do processo. O uso de inje\u00e7\u00e3o de alta press\u00e3o e baixa velocidade pode manter a estabilidade do fluxo de fus\u00e3o, evitando assim o aparecimento de marcas de onda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 Aumente a temperatura do molde. \u00c0 medida que a temperatura do molde aumenta, a fluidez da massa fundida melhora. Para pol\u00edmeros cristalinos, uma temperatura mais alta facilita a cristaliza\u00e7\u00e3o uniforme, reduzindo assim o aparecimento de marcas de onda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462 Alterar a estrutura da cavidade do molde. A estrutura do molde tamb\u00e9m pode causar marcas de onda na superf\u00edcie do produto. Se as bordas do n\u00facleo do molde forem muito afiadas, isso pode causar um fluxo de fus\u00e3o inst\u00e1vel, levando \u00e0 forma\u00e7\u00e3o de marcas de onda. Portanto, mudar as bordas afiadas do n\u00facleo do molde para uma transi\u00e7\u00e3o com buffer pode manter a estabilidade do fluxo de fus\u00e3o e evitar marcas de onda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2463 Altere a espessura do produto. A espessura irregular do produto pode fazer com que a resist\u00eancia do fluxo de fus\u00e3o varie, levando a um fluxo de fus\u00e3o inst\u00e1vel. Portanto, projetar a espessura do produto para ser uniforme tamb\u00e9m pode evitar o aparecimento de marcas de onda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Causas das marcas de jato<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"Marcas
Marcas de jato numa pe\u00e7a de pl\u00e1stico<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. M\u00e1 transi\u00e7\u00e3o entre o port\u00e3o e a parede do molde<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Se a transi\u00e7\u00e3o entre a porta e a parede do molde for m\u00e1, \u00e9 prov\u00e1vel que ocorram marcas de jato. Por conseguinte, \u00e9 prefer\u00edvel utilizar uma transi\u00e7\u00e3o arredondada entre a porta e a parede do molde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. O port\u00e3o \u00e9 demasiado pequeno<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Se a comporta for demasiado pequena, o pl\u00e1stico sofrer\u00e1 uma elevada taxa de cisalhamento e tens\u00e3o de cisalhamento quando fluir atrav\u00e9s da comporta, tornando as comportas pequenas propensas a marcas de jato. Por conseguinte, o tamanho da comporta n\u00e3o deve ser demasiado pequeno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Localiza\u00e7\u00e3o incorrecta do port\u00e3o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Se o port\u00e3o estiver diretamente virado para uma cavidade profunda, \u00e9 f\u00e1cil produzir marcas de jato. Por conseguinte, ao conceber a comporta, deve evitar-se que esta fique diretamente virada para uma cavidade profunda e deve utilizar-se a inje\u00e7\u00e3o de barreira.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. A fluidez do material \u00e9 demasiado elevada<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Se o material em si tiver boa fluidez, como o PA, devemos definir as condi\u00e7\u00f5es de moldagem de acordo com as caracter\u00edsticas do material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Demasiado lubrificante no material<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Quando \u00e9 adicionado demasiado lubrificante, as cadeias moleculares no interior do material ficam relativamente soltas. Sob altas temperaturas e alta press\u00e3o, a fluidez do material aumenta, facilitando a produ\u00e7\u00e3o de marcas de jato. Por conseguinte, \u00e9 melhor reduzir a quantidade de lubrificante de forma adequada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. A velocidade de inje\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 demasiado r\u00e1pida<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

As marcas de jato causadas por este tipo de motivo s\u00e3o resolvidas principalmente atrav\u00e9s da redu\u00e7\u00e3o da velocidade de inje\u00e7\u00e3o inicial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. A temperatura do molde \u00e9 demasiado baixa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Se a temperatura do molde for demasiado baixa, o pl\u00e1stico da parte frontal que entra na cavidade pode arrefecer facilmente, fazendo com que o pl\u00e1stico da parte frontal n\u00e3o se una firmemente ao pl\u00e1stico subsequente, resultando em marcas de jato. Por isso, devemos aumentar a temperatura do molde de forma adequada.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. A temperatura de fus\u00e3o \u00e9 demasiado baixa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Se a temperatura de fus\u00e3o for demasiado baixa, \u00e9 f\u00e1cil produzir marcas de jato. Portanto, devemos aumentar a temperatura de fus\u00e3o adequadamente.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Solu\u00e7\u00f5es para marcas de jato<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 Alterar as condi\u00e7\u00f5es do processo. O uso de inje\u00e7\u00e3o de alta press\u00e3o e baixa velocidade pode aumentar o tempo de fluxo do fundido el\u00e1stico no mesmo comprimento de fluxo, aumentando o grau de falha el\u00e1stica, reduzindo assim o aparecimento de marcas radiais.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 Alterar a forma da porta do molde. Aumentar a porta ou alter\u00e1-la para uma forma de leque pode permitir que a massa fundida recupere alguma elasticidade antes de entrar na cavidade do molde, evitando a rutura da massa fundida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462 Estenda o comprimento da porta principal do molde. Permitir que a massa fundida falhe elasticamente antes de entrar na cavidade do molde tamb\u00e9m pode evitar a rutura da massa fundida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2463 Equipar com um bocal alargado. Estender o caminho do fluxo da massa fundida antes de entrar na cavidade do molde aumenta o grau de falha el\u00e1stica da massa fundida, evitando tamb\u00e9m o aparecimento de marcas radiais devido \u00e0 rutura da massa fundida.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Compreender os dois tipos mais comuns de marcas de fluxo na moldagem por inje\u00e7\u00e3o: as causas e solu\u00e7\u00f5es para as linhas de fluxo onduladas e as marcas de jato.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":19522,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[51,63],"class_list":["post-19517","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tips","tag-injection-molding","tag-injection-molding-defects"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nThe Most Common Types Of Flow Marks In Injection Molding<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Master flow mark prevention in injection molding with expert tips from First Mold. 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