{"id":24082,"date":"2024-10-09T12:01:50","date_gmt":"2024-10-09T04:01:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/?p=24082"},"modified":"2025-11-28T10:49:37","modified_gmt":"2025-11-28T02:49:37","slug":"datum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/ar\/guides\/datum\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d (GD&T)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a (GD & T)<\/strong><\/a> \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u062a\u0636\u0639 GD&T \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064a. \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 GD & T\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Datum \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648 GD & T \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \"\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621\" \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d \"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629\" \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f. \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a GD&T<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a GD & T\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062e\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u062a\u064f\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0648\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a GD & T. \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0637\u064a\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Datum \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0639\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0636\u0644. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a (CMMs) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a GD&T: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0629: \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649. \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 (1 DoF) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u064b\u0627. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064d \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 DoF \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0625\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0651\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0634\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a. \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0623\u064a \u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0630\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a. \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639<\/div>\n \n \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646\n <\/i>\n<\/a>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a (DRF) \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a GD&T. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u0648\u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0632\u0621\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f (DRF). \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 DRF. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 DRF 6 DoF\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 X \u0648Y \u0648Z \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631. \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0631\u0651\u0641 DRF \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  1. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621. \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649. \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 DoFs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2 DoFs \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0644\u0642\u0641\u0644 \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0643\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0631.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a DRF<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u062a\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f - \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b - \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f B \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0646\u062f A \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u064a\u062f 3 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064d \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f A. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f A. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f B \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f A. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u06a4\u0644. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f B. \u0648\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0630\u064a \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0648\u0628. \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f C \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f B. \u0648\u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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    \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0633\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0645 \u0633\u0645\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

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    \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062e\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645. \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0642\u0645. \u064a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u062e\u0637 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a (DRF)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 DRF \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a (FCF)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    FCF \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a. \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 FCF \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0631\u0645\u0632 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631. \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0631\u0645\u0632 MMC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \"M\" \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\u0631\u0645\u0632<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\u0631\u0645\u0632<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \u0631\u0645\u0632 LMC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

    \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \"L\" \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\u0631\u0645\u0632<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\u0631\u0645\u0632<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

    \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u064a\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646. \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f DRF \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d. \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u064a\u062d\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a. \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0643\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u062d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 GD & T \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u0639\u062f Datum \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621. \u064a\u0639\u062f Datum \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a GD&T\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u064a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b\u064a\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f DRF \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0637\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639. \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0646\u0627\u062f DRF \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f A \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f B \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f C. \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 Datums \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 GD&T\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0650\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":24084,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[47],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-24082","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-guides"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUnderstanding Datum in GD&T: A Comprehensive Guide<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover how datum shapes GD&T, ensuring precise fit and function in 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