{"id":23381,"date":"2024-09-09T16:22:01","date_gmt":"2024-09-09T08:22:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/?p=23381"},"modified":"2025-07-15T13:32:35","modified_gmt":"2025-07-15T05:32:35","slug":"torsional-rigidity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/ar\/tips\/torsional-rigidity\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0634\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 G \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635. \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0635 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062b\u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/td>\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0634\u0648 (wt%)<\/strong><\/td>\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629 (%)<\/strong><\/td>\u0632* (\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)<\/strong><\/td>\u03c3y<\/sub>(\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)
\u00b1 0.5 \u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/td>		\u03b5r<\/sub>(%)
\u00b1(80%)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
\u0628\u0649 \u0628\u0649<\/strong><\/td>0<\/td>52<\/td>2.8<\/td>16<\/td>1100<\/td><\/tr>
\u0628\u064a-\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062a<\/strong><\/td>9.6<\/td>48<\/td>3.2<\/td>16<\/td>720<\/td><\/tr>
PE-\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062a-\u0633\u0627<\/strong><\/td>7.7<\/td>48<\/td>3.1<\/td>15<\/td>720<\/td><\/tr>
\u0623\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646-\u0623\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a<\/strong><\/td>10.3<\/td>51<\/td>3.45<\/td>15<\/td>910<\/td><\/tr>
PE-\u0623\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a-\u0633\u0627<\/strong><\/td>9.3<\/td>53<\/td>2.6<\/td>16<\/td>930<\/td><\/tr>
\u0628\u064a-\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0627<\/strong><\/td>8.6<\/td>49<\/td>2.8<\/td>16<\/td>670<\/td><\/tr>
\u0628\u064a-\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0627-\u0633\u0627<\/strong><\/td>9.5<\/td>49<\/td>3<\/td>15<\/td>740<\/td><\/tr>
\u0628\u064a-\u0633\u064a-\u062c\u064a\u063a\u0627\u0633<\/strong><\/td>6.5<\/td>52<\/td>2.8<\/td>16<\/td>730<\/td><\/tr>
PE-C.Gigas-SA<\/strong><\/td>9.3<\/td>50<\/td>3.2<\/td>15<\/td>830<\/td><\/tr>
\u0628\u064a-\u0628\u064a-\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0633<\/strong><\/td>10.8<\/td>47<\/td>3<\/td>16<\/td>680<\/td><\/tr>
PE-P.Maximus-SA<\/strong><\/td>9.7<\/td>50<\/td>3.2<\/td>16<\/td>760<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (UTS) \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u062c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/td>\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f
(\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)<\/td>		UTS (\u0645\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644)<\/td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u063a (GPa)<\/td><\/tr>
\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>35<\/td>90<\/td>69<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/td>69<\/td>200<\/td>117<\/td><\/tr>
\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633<\/td>75<\/td>300<\/td>120<\/td><\/tr>
\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f<\/td>130<\/td>262<\/td>170<\/td><\/tr>
\u0646\u064a\u0643\u0644<\/td>138<\/td>480<\/td>210<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630<\/td>180<\/td>380<\/td>200<\/td><\/tr>
\u062a\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645<\/td>450<\/td>520<\/td>110<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645<\/td>565<\/td>655<\/td>330<\/td><\/tr>
\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a\u0629)<\/td>380<\/td>510<\/td>99<\/td><\/tr>
08Kh18N10T \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 08Kh18N10T<\/td>216<\/td>530<\/td>196<\/td><\/tr>
\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0623 304L<\/td>241<\/td>586<\/td>193<\/td><\/tr>
SA-508 Gr.3 Cl.2 (\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643)<\/td>500<\/td>700<\/td>210<\/td><\/tr>
15Kh2NMFA (\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0626\u0643)<\/td>490<\/td>610<\/td>220<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635. \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0651\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644. \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0640 J\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629: <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a = (\u03c0r\u2074)\/2<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u2018r\u2019 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064d \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0646\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0635\u0644\u0628 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631\u0647 r = 5 \u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647 L = 1 \u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 G = 80 GPa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 T=50 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u03b8<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. J=(\u03c0r4<\/sup><\/sup>)\/2=\u03c0(0.05)4<\/sup>)\/2=3.07\u00d7106<\/sup>\u06454<\/\u0633\u0648\u0628><\/em><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. GJ=80\u00d710\u00d7109<\/sup>\u00d73.07\u00d7106<\/sup>=245.6 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u06312<\/sup><\/em><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. \u03b8=TL\/GJ=(50\u00d71)\/245.6=0.204 radians<\/em><\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644: <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0644\u0623\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      J = (ab\u00b3)\/3<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0643 \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0647\u0646\u0627, a<\/em><\/strong> \u0648 b<\/em><\/strong> \u0647\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a. \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629\u064b \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f 20 \u0633\u0645 \u0641\u064a 10 \u0633\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 3 \u0623\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 G = 75 \u00d7 109<\/sup> \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644. \u0623\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 GJ \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u03b8 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 T=2000 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a J<\/em><\/strong> \u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u064a=(\u0623\u06283<\/sup>)\/3=(0.1\u00d70.23<\/sup>)\/3=2.67\u00d710-4<\/sup><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 GJ=75\u00d7109<\/sup>\u00d72.67\u00d710-4<\/sup>=2\u00d7107<\/sup>\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u06312<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u063a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u03b8=(2000\u00d73)\/(2\u00d7107<\/sup> =1.5\u00d710-4<\/sup> \u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629: <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

      \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 I \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 T. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 - \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0643\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636. \u0648\u064a\u064f\u0639\u0637\u0649 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u064a= \ud83b\ude0d(\u0635)o<\/sub>4<\/sup>-ri<\/sub>4<\/sup>)\/2<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0635o<\/sub> \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648 ri<\/sub> \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

      \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a \u2018r\u2019 = 5 \u0633\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u2018b\u2019 = 3 \u0633\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u2018L\u2019 = 2 \u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0635 G = 70 G GPa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n
      1. \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a J<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0640 GJ<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 T=30 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0627\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u03b8<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n
        1. J=\u03c0(ro<\/s>4<\/sup>4<\/sup>-ri<\/sub><\/sub><\/ sup>4<\/sup>)\/2=\u03c0(0.054<\/sup>>0.034<\/sup>) \/2=2.18\u00d72.18\u00d7106<\/sup><<\/sup>4<\/em><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        2. GJ=70\u00d770\u00d7109<\/sup>\u00d72.18\u00d710-6<\/sup>=152.6 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u06312<\/sup><\/em><\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n
        3. \u03b8 = TL\/GJ=(30\u00d72)\/152.6<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u060c \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0635 \u064a\u0628\u0644\u063a 80 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a. \u064a\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0642\u0635 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 0.5 \u0625\u0644\u0649 3 \u062c\u064a\u062c\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629. \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0645\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646. \u0628\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u062a\u064a\u0646. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u064a\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0644\u0648\u0643\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0644. \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0630\u0627\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064b\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 1: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
          \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f<\/strong><\/td>\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 (G) \u0628\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 GPa<\/strong><\/td>\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0628\u064a (J)(<\/strong> \u00d710-6<\/sup>m4<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (GJ)<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0645\u062a\u06312<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0643\u062c\u0645\/\u0645\u00b3)<\/strong><\/td>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629<\/strong><\/td><\/tr>
          \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630 (AISI 1045)<\/td>80<\/td>5<\/td>400<\/td>7050<\/td>\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
          \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646<\/td>\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 (6061-T6)<\/td>26<\/td>4<\/td>104<\/td>2700<\/td>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr>
          \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 (HDPE)<\/td>0.8<\/td>3<\/td>2.4<\/td>950<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0646\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
          \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631<\/td>\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (PC)<\/td>2.3<\/td>3.5<\/td>8.05<\/td>1200<\/td>\u062e\u0648\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr>
          \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628<\/td>\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/td>100<\/td>6<\/td>600<\/td>1600<\/td>\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621<\/td><\/tr>
          \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628<\/td>\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a<\/td>25<\/td>4.5<\/td>112.5<\/td>1850<\/td>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u0637\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631. \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0644. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0647\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0638\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0631. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \"\u062a\u0639\u062f<\/figure>\n\n\n\n
          \"\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d \u0644\u0623\u064a \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0623\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a. \u0643\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

          \u062a\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629. \u0641\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u2018Galloping Gertie\u2019 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1940 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \"\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0636<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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          \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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          \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643 \u0644\u062f\u0639\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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          \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u063a\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":23527,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[54],"class_list":["post-23381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tips","tag-product-design"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nTorsional Rigidity: Principles, Calculations, and Applications<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore torsional rigidity in engineering, covering its key concepts, calculations, and applications to improve design performance and structural stability.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/ar\/tips\/torsional-rigidity\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" 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