{"id":19377,"date":"2024-05-07T15:49:17","date_gmt":"2024-05-07T07:49:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/?p=19377"},"modified":"2025-07-18T11:56:53","modified_gmt":"2025-07-18T03:56:53","slug":"flash-in-injection-molding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/ar\/tips\/flash-in-injection-molding\/","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 | \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0627\u062f \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631. \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 0.05 \u0645\u0645<\/strong>; \u061b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 0.1 \u0645\u0645<\/strong>. \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 (PE) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 (PP). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0628\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 PA\u060c ABS\u060c ABS\u060c PC\u060c PMMA\u060c \u0625\u0644\u062e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062d: \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u201c\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/a>\u201c\u060c \u201c\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/a>\u201c\u060c \u201c\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0646 PA<\/strong><\/a>\u201c\u060c \u201c\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0646 ABS<\/strong><\/a>\u201c\u060c \u201c\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a<\/strong><\/a>\u201c\u060c \u0648 \u201c\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0646 PMMA<\/strong><\/a>\".<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u2776 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2777 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0645\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u064a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0626\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/th>\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 (PE)<\/td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646 (PP)<\/td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0646 (PS)<\/td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0623\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0627\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 (ABS)<\/td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0645\u064a\u062f (PA)<\/td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a (PC))<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td><\/tr>
\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 (POM)<\/td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td><\/tr>
\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 (PET)<\/td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0641\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a (PBT)<\/td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0646 (PU)<\/td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td><\/tr>
\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 (PVC)<\/td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 (PVDC)<\/td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a (PVA)<\/td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0644\u064a\u062a (PMMA)<\/td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0631 (PPE)<\/td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td><\/tr>
\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 (PSU)<\/td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td><\/tr>
\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0646 (PEEK)<\/td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0646 (PDMS)<\/td>\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629<\/td><\/tr>
\u0623\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646 (EVA)<\/td>\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637<\/td><\/tr>
\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 (TPE)<\/td>\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2. \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0648\u0647\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062a\u0648\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0628\u0648\u0637 \u0625\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 \u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/strong><\/a> \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0634\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0642\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0648\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064d\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u063a\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2463 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0642 \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0641\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0621 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2464 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644: <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u2776 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2777 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2778 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u061b \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2779 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u061b \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u277a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u201c\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/strong><\/a>.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0634<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

2.1 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2776 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0644\u0621 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645
\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

b. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u2777 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646
\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u2778 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628
\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0621\u0627\u062a<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u2779 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.2 \u0627\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 H \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.3 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0645\u0643\u0646. \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 4%. \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 4 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0641.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.4 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.5 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0645\u062c 2.5\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0630\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.6 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.7 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.8 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062c\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.9 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633
\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

2.10 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628<\/strong><\/a> \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2463 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644: <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u2776 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0648\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a\u0647. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2777 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0625\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0635\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0646<\/strong><\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2778 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2779 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0627\u0631.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u2460 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2461 \u0636\u0628\u0637 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u062f\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2462 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u0637\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u201c\u0633\u062f\u201d\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644: <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u2776 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2777 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2778 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u064a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 - \u0641\u0644\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0647<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a. \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0638\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 PBT. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628 \u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629:<\/strong> \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f PBT \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0648\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u062f \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u064a\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627. \u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u0648 \u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u062f\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0634\u060c \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 firstmold88@gmail.com<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":31388,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[48],"tags":[51,63],"class_list":["post-19377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tips","tag-injection-molding","tag-injection-molding-defects"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nFlash In Injection Molding<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Understand the flash defect in injection molding, start from product design, and control each step of mold design and molding production.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/firstmold.com\/ar\/tips\/flash-in-injection-molding\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" 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